ABSTRACT
Background: Nanoparticles have been applied to medicine, hygiene, pharmacy and dentistry, and will bring significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment of disease. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has a very important role in nanobiotechnology, allowing production of non-toxic and eco-friendly particles
Objectives: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles [AgNPs] was studied using pine pollen as a novel, cost-effective, simple and non-hazardous bioresource. The antifungal activity of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated in vitro
Materials and Methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs was conducted using pollen of pine [as a novel bioresource] acting as both reducing and capping agents. AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In evaluation for antifungal properties, the synthesized AgNPs represented significant in vitro inhibitory effects on Neofusicoccum parvum cultures
Results: Pine pollen can mediate biosynthesis of colloidal AgNPs with an average size of 12 nm. AgNPs were formed at 22[degree]C and observed to be highly stable up to three months without precipitation or decreased antifungal property. AgNPs showed significant inhibitory effects against Neofusicoccum parvum
Conclusion: The first report for a low-cost, simple, well feasible and eco-friendly procedure for biosynthesis of AgNPs was presented. The synthesized AgNPs by pine pollen were nontoxic and eco-friendly, and can be employed for large-scale production. The nanoparticles showed strong effect on quantitative inhibition and disruption of antifungal growth
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Pollen , Nanoparticles , PinusABSTRACT
Vitamin E [alpha-tocopherol] is a natural antioxidant very useful for preventing the harmful effects of UV sun rays as skin aging and cancers. In this study, different MLV formulations were made using egg lecithin and varying molar ratios of alpha-tocopherol and/or cholesterol, and their encapsulation efficiencies were determined. The best liposomal product was incorporated into a carbomer 980 gel. The resulting preparation was then studied with regard to the rheology and release profile using r[2] values and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. The encapsulation efficiency was dramatically decreased when using alpha-tocopherol at molar ratios of 1:10 or more, which is suggested to be due to the defect in regular linear structure of the bilayer membrane. Addition of cholesterol to formulations caused a decrease in encapsulation efficiency directly related to its molar ratio, which is due to the condensation of the bilayer membrane as well as competition of cholesterol with alpha-tocopherol. The liposomal gel showed a yield value of 78.5 +/- 1.8 Pa and a plastic viscosity of 27.35 +/- 2.3 cp. The release showed a two-phase pattern with the zero-order model being the best fitted model for the first phase. However, the "n" and r[2] values suggested a minor contribution of Higuchi model due to some diffusion of alpha-tocopherol from the outermost bilayers of the MLVs to the gel. The second phase showed a non-Fickian release indicating a more prominent role for diffusion. This combinational release profile provides a high initial concentration of alpha-tocopherol followed by a slow release throughout a 10 h period
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to develop a simple, validated liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of azithromycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using ultraviolet detector. The best stationary phase was determined as C18 column, 5 [micro]m, 250 mm × 4.6 mm. Mobile phase was optimized to obtain a fast and selective separation of the drug. Flow rate was 1.5 mL/min, Wavelength was set at 210 nm and the volume of each injection was 500 [micro]L. An isocratic methanol/buffer mobile phase at the ratio of 90:10 v/v gave the best separation and resolution. The proposed method was accurate, precise, sensitive, and linear over a wide range of concentration of azithromycin. The developed method has the advantage of using UV detector compared to the USP method in which electrochemical detector has been used. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of azithromycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms
ABSTRACT
The factors such as disease can disrupt homeostasis, resulting in perturbations of endogenous biochemicals that are involved in key metabolic profiles. Metabonomics is useful technique to quantitative description of endogenous metabolites present in a biological sample such as urine, plasma and tissue. High resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]-based metabonomics is a technique used to analyze and interpret multivariate metabolic data that correlate with changes of physiological conditions. Before any explanation for metabolite data, preprocessing the spectroscopic data is essential. In this paper, we show scaling effects in metabonomics investigation of patients diagnosed with Crohn's and Celiac disease. two techniques of scaling were applied as follows: mean centering and auto scaling. Results reveal that the mean centering is more useful to segregate patients from healthy subjects in the data set of Crohn's and Celiac disease